Diabetes Classification Table

There are many medical causes of Diabetes. Below is a table of medical conditions that may result in an elevated blood glucose and the diagnosis of Diabetes. The list, which is divided into 4 major categories- Type 1, Type 2, Gestational Diabetes and other- is adapted from the American Diabetes Association.

Etiologic classification of Diabetes Mellitus – based on American Diabetes Association criteria

https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/44/Supplement_1/S15

  1. Type 1 Diabetes (ß-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency)
    1. Immune mediated
    2. Idiopathic
  2. Type 2 Diabetes (may range from predominantly insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency to a predominantly secretory defect with insulin resistance)
  3. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
  4. Other specific types
    1. Genetic defects of ß-cell function also known as Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young  or MODY
      1. Chromosome 12, HNF-1∝ (MODY3)
      2. Chromosome 7, glucokinase (MODY2)
      3. Chromosome 20, HNF-4 (MODY1)
      4. Chromosome 13, insulin promoter factor-1 (IPF-1; MODY4)
      5. Chromosome 17, HNF-1ß (MODY5)
      6. Chromosome 2, NeuroD1 (MODY6)
      7. Others
    2. Genetic defects in insulin action
      1. Type A insulin resistance
      2. Leprechaunism
      3. Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome
      4. Lipoatrophic Diabetes
      5. Others
    3. Diseases of the exocrine pancreas
      1. Pancreatitis
      2. Trauma/pancreatectomy
      3. Neoplasia
      4. Cystic Fibrosis
      5. Hemochromatosis
      6. Fibrocalculous pancreatopathy
      7. Others
    4. Endocrinopathies
      1. Acromegaly
      2. Cushing's syndrome
      3. Glucagonoma
      4. Pheochromocytoma
      5. Hyperthyroidism
      6. Somatostatinoma
      7. Aldosteronoma
      8. Others
    5. Drug- or chemical-induced
      1. Glucocorticoids
      2. Check point inbitors
      3. Tacrolimus and Sirolimus
      4. Pentamidine
      5. Nicotinic acid
      6. Thyroid hormone
      7. Diazoxide
      8. ß-adrenergic agonists
      9. Thiazides
      10. Dilantin
      11. ∝-Interferon
      12. Vacor
      13. Others
    6. Infections
      1. Congenital rubella
      2. Cytomegalovirus
      3. Others
    7. Uncommon forms of immune-mediated diabetes
      1. "Stiff-man" syndrome
      2. Anti–insulin receptor antibodies
      3. Others
    8. Other genetic syndromes sometimes associated with diabetes
      1. Down's syndrome
      2. Klinefelter's syndrome
      3. Turner's syndrome
      4. Wolfram's syndrome and other Mitochondrial DNA disorders
      5. Friedreich's ataxia
      6. Huntington's chorea
      7. Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome
      8. Myotonic dystrophy
      9. Porphyria
      10. Prader-Willi syndrome
      11. Others
Patients with any form of Diabetes may require insulin treatment at some stage of their disease. The use of insulin does not, of itself, classify the Diabetes.