Insulin Administration

Insulin can be administered by three routes of delivery:

Injection

Insulin syringe: This is the most common insulin delivery method. The classic injection device is an insulin syringe. The plastic, disposable syringes currently are available in three sizes, and hold up to 30, 50 or 100 units of insulin. The needles are fine (up to 31 gauge) with lengths ranging from 3/16th of an inch for infants, to ½ inch or more for adults. The insulin is injected into the layer of fat (subcutaneous tissue) just under the skin. (Rarely, insulin may be injected into a muscle. This should happen only under a medical supervision in a hospital or medical care setting.) syringe

Insulin Pen: A popular alternative to the insulin syringe is an insulin pen. An insulin pen is either disposible or has a replaceable reservoir of insulin called a cartridge. It requires placement of a disposible needle to puncture the skin and to deliver insulin to the subcutaneous tissue.  It features a dial to choose the insulin dose, and a mechanical piston or insulin release mechanism to deliver the insulin.  They are very convenient for active individuals taking multiple injections, as well as those who have visually or dexterity challenges.

Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Device (also known as insulin pumps): are the most sophisticated form of insulin delivery. These are small, computerized devices that are programmed to deliver insulin under the skin. The insulin pump is durable and lasts for years, but the insulin supply and certain pump components (insulin reservoir, tubing and infusion set) are changed every few days.  Insulin pumps are sometimes but not frequently used in Type 2 Diabetes.  We have provided more detailed information in the insulin pump section. 

Infusion

Human regular insulin may be injected directly into the vein in a hospital setting under close medical supervision only. Insulin is added to intravenous fluids, and the insulin dose and blood glucose levels are strictly monitored. The intravenous route of delivery is ONLY given under a doctor’s orders in a hospital to facilitate the management of diabetes during surgery or an intensive care stay.

Inhalation

Inhalable insulin is a less commonly used form of bolus insulin that is ultra-rapid acting insulin.  Due to limitations such as it comes only in fixed dose cartridges and cannot be used in persons with chronic lung disease it is not widely used at this time.