Michael German, MD

PROF IN RES-HCOMP
Diabetes Center
+1 415 476-1030

Michael German, MD teaches classes on research advances and the genetics and development of diabetes at the University of California, San Francisco Diabetes Teaching Center workshops.

Dr. German is a Professor in the Department of Medicine at UCSF, Clinical Director of the UCSF Diabetes Center, Director of the Hillblom Islet Genesis Network and a Principle Investigator in the Hormone Research Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research. He cares for patients at the UCSF Diabetes Clinic and hospital wards, and teaches medical students, graduate students and house staff, while maintaining a research laboratory investigating diabetes at the most basic level. The central focus of Dr. German’s research program is the pancreatic beta-cell, the cell in the pancreas that makes insulin. He is interested in the genes that control the development of the beta-cells from stem cells. He is also interested in where these processes break down in diabetes, and in how to translate our knowledge of the beta-cell into novel therapies for diabetes.

Dr German received his undergraduate degree from Harvard University and medical degree from the Southwestern Medical School. His residency training was taken at the University of Arizona and fellowship in Endocrinology and Metabolism at the University of California, San Francisco.

Publications: 

The Role of Imatinib in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes.

JCEM case reports

Lavelle K, Chamberlain C, German M, Anderson M, Nip A, Gitelman SE

Diabetes With Multiple Autoimmune and Inflammatory Conditions Linked to an Activating SKAP2 Mutation.

Diabetes care

Rutsch N, Chamberlain CE, Dixon W, Spector L, Letourneau-Freiberg LR, Lwin WW, Philipson LH, Zarbock A, Saintus K, Wang J, German MS, Anderson MS, Lowell CA

Identification of novel, clinically correlated autoantigens in the monogenic autoimmune syndrome APS1 by proteome-wide PhIP-Seq.

eLife

Vazquez SE, Ferré EM, Scheel DW, Sunshine S, Miao B, Mandel-Brehm C, Quandt Z, Chan AY, Cheng M, German M, Lionakis M, DeRisi JL, Anderson MS

Lactation improves pancreatic ß cell mass and function through serotonin production.

Science translational medicine

Moon JH, Kim H, Kim H, Park J, Choi W, Choi W, Hong HJ, Ro HJ, Jun S, Choi SH, Banerjee RR, Shong M, Cho NH, Kim SK, German MS, Jang HC, Kim H

Null mutations of NEUROG3 are associated with delayed-onset diabetes mellitus.

JCI insight

Solorzano-Vargas RS, Bjerknes M, Wang J, Wu SV, Garcia-Careaga MG, Pitukcheewanont P, Cheng H, German MS, Georgia S, Martín MG

The Need for Precision Medicine to be Applied to Diabetes.

Journal of diabetes science and technology

Klonoff DC, Florez JC, German M, Fleming A

Serotonin Regulates Adult ß-Cell Mass by Stimulating Perinatal ß-Cell Proliferation.

Diabetes

Moon JH, Kim YG, Kim K, Osonoi S, Wang S, Saunders DC, Wang J, Yang K, Kim H, Lee J, Jeong JS, Banerjee RR, Kim SK, Wu Y, Mizukami H, Powers AC, German MS, Kim H

Elastase 3B mutation links to familial pancreatitis with diabetes and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

The Journal of clinical investigation

Moore PC, Cortez JT, Chamberlain CE, Alba D, Berger AC, Quandt Z, Chan A, Cheng MH, Bautista JL, Peng J, German MS, Anderson MS, Oakes SA

A Patient-derived Xenograft Model of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Identifies Sapanisertib as a Possible New Treatment for Everolimus-resistant Tumors.

Molecular cancer therapeutics

Chamberlain CE, German MS, Yang K, Wang J, VanBrocklin H, Regan M, Shokat KM, Ducker GS, Kim GE, Hann B, Donner DB, Warren RS, Venook AP, Bergsland EK, Lee D, Wang Y, Nakakura EK

A Genetic Interaction Map of Insulin Production Identifies Mfi as an Inhibitor of Mitochondrial Fission.

Endocrinology

Lee J, Pappalardo Z, Chopra DG, Hennings TG, Vaughn I, Lan C, Choe JJ, Ang K, Chen S, Arkin M, McManus MT, German MS, Ku GM

(Re)generating Human Beta Cells: Status, Pitfalls, and Perspectives.

Physiological reviews

Baeyens L, Lemper M, Staels W, De Groef S, De Leu N, Heremans Y, German MS, Heimberg H

Ectopic serotonin production in ß-cell specific transgenic mice.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications

Kim H, Kim H, Kim K, German MS, Kim H

A new familial form of a late-onset, persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy caused by a novel mutation in KCNJ11.

Channels (Austin, Tex.)

Yang YY, Long RK, Ferrara CT, Gitelman SE, German MS, Yang SB

Effects of Biotin Supplementation During the First Week Postweaning Increases Pancreatic Islet Area, Beta-Cell Proportion, Islets Number, and Beta-Cell Proliferation.

Journal of medicinal food

Tixi-Verdugo W, Contreras-Ramos J, Sicilia-Argumedo G, German MS, Fernandez-Mejia C

Human pancreatic neuro-insular network in health and fatty infiltration.

Diabetologia

Tang SC, Baeyens L, Shen CN, Peng SJ, Chien HJ, Scheel DW, Chamberlain CE, German MS

Effects of dietary biotin supplementation on glucagon production, secretion, and action.

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)

Lazo-de-la-Vega-Monroy ML, Larrieta E, Tixi-Verdugo W, Ramírez-Mondragón R, Hernández-Araiza I, German MS, Fernandez-Mejia C

Phosphorylation of NEUROG3 Links Endocrine Differentiation to the Cell Cycle in Pancreatic Progenitors.

Developmental cell

Krentz NAJ, van Hoof D, Li Z, Watanabe A, Tang M, Nian C, German MS, Lynn FC

A Whole-Genome RNA Interference Screen Reveals a Role for Spry2 in Insulin Transcription and the Unfolded Protein Response.

Diabetes

Pappalardo Z, Gambhir Chopra D, Hennings TG, Richards H, Choe J, Yang K, Baeyens L, Ang K, Chen S, Arkin M, German MS, McManus MT, Ku GM

ß-Cell adaptation in pregnancy.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism

Baeyens L, Hindi S, Sorenson RL, German MS

Generation of a Conditional Allele of the Transcription Factor Atonal Homolog 8 (Atoh8).

PloS one

Ejarque M, Mir-Coll J, Gomis R, German MS, Lynn FC, Gasa R

Activation of GLP-1 and gastrin signalling induces in vivo reprogramming of pancreatic exocrine cells into beta cells in mice.

Diabetologia

Sasaki S, Miyatsuka T, Matsuoka TA, Takahara M, Yamamoto Y, Yasuda T, Kaneto H, Fujitani Y, German MS, Akiyama H, Watada H, Shimomura I

Follicle dynamics and global organization in the intact mouse ovary.

Developmental biology

Faire M, Skillern A, Arora R, Nguyen DH, Wang J, Chamberlain C, German MS, Fung JC, Laird DJ

Gai/o-coupled receptor signaling restricts pancreatic ß-cell expansion.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Berger M, Scheel DW, Macias H, Miyatsuka T, Kim H, Hoang P, Ku GM, Honig G, Liou A, Tang Y, Regard JB, Sharifnia P, Yu L, Wang J, Coughlin SR, Conklin BR, Deneris ES, Tecott LH, German MS

Reprogramming of human pancreatic exocrine cells to ß-like cells.

Cell death and differentiation

Lemper M, Leuckx G, Heremans Y, German MS, Heimberg H, Bouwens L, Baeyens L

Functional role of serotonin in insulin secretion in a diet-induced insulin-resistant state.

Endocrinology

Kim K, Oh CM, Ohara-Imaizumi M, Park S, Namkung J, Yadav VK, Tamarina NA, Roe MW, Philipson LH, Karsenty G, Nagamatsu S, German MS, Kim H

Menin determines K-RAS proliferative outputs in endocrine cells.

The Journal of clinical investigation

Chamberlain CE, Scheel DW, McGlynn K, Kim H, Miyatsuka T, Wang J, Nguyen V, Zhao S, Mavropoulos A, Abraham AG, O'Neill E, Ku GM, Cobb MH, Martin GR, German MS

Allosteric inhibition of the IRE1a RNase preserves cell viability and function during endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Cell

Ghosh R, Wang L, Wang ES, Perera BG, Igbaria A, Morita S, Prado K, Thamsen M, Caswell D, Macias H, Weiberth KF, Gliedt MJ, Alavi MV, Hari SB, Mitra AK, Bhhatarai B, Schürer SC, Snapp EL, Gould DB, German MS, Backes BJ, Maly DJ, Oakes SA, Papa FR

Chronological analysis with fluorescent timer reveals unique features of newly generated ß-cells.

Diabetes

Miyatsuka T, Matsuoka TA, Sasaki S, Kubo F, Shimomura I, Watada H, German MS, Hara M

Serotonin regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic ß cells during pregnancy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Ohara-Imaizumi M, Kim H, Yoshida M, Fujiwara T, Aoyagi K, Toyofuku Y, Nakamichi Y, Nishiwaki C, Okamura T, Uchida T, Fujitani Y, Akagawa K, Kakei M, Watada H, German MS, Nagamatsu S

Anonymous sources: where do adult ß cells come from?

The Journal of clinical investigation

German MS

Research resource: RNA-Seq reveals unique features of the pancreatic ß-cell transcriptome.

Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)

Ku GM, Kim H, Vaughn IW, Hangauer MJ, Myung Oh C, German MS, McManus MT

Effects of biotin supplementation in the diet on insulin secretion, islet gene expression, glucose homeostasis and beta-cell proportion.

The Journal of nutritional biochemistry

Lazo de la Vega-Monroy ML, Larrieta E, German MS, Baez-Saldana A, Fernandez-Mejia C

Adenosine signaling promotes regeneration of pancreatic ß cells in vivo.

Cell metabolism

Andersson O, Adams BA, Yoo D, Ellis GC, Gut P, Anderson RM, German MS, Stainier DY

An siRNA screen in pancreatic beta cells reveals a role for Gpr27 in insulin production.

PLoS genetics

Ku GM, Pappalardo Z, Luo CC, German MS, McManus MT

Convergence of the insulin and serotonin programs in the pancreatic ß-cell.

Diabetes

Ohta Y, Kosaka Y, Kishimoto N, Wang J, Smith SB, Honig G, Kim H, Gasa RM, Neubauer N, Liou A, Tecott LH, Deneris ES, German MS

Novel role for SGK3 in glucose homeostasis revealed in SGK3/Akt2 double-null mice.

Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)

Yao LJ, McCormick JA, Wang J, Yang KY, Kidwai A, Colussi GL, Boini KM, Birnbaum MJ, Lang F, German MS, Pearce D

Association of variations in TPH1 and HTR2B with gestational weight gain and measures of obesity.

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

Kwak SH, Park BL, Kim H, German MS, Go MJ, Jung HS, Koo BK, Cho YM, Choi SH, Cho YS, Shin HD, Jang HC, Park KS

Chromatin insulator elements block transgene silencing in engineered human embryonic stem cell lines at a defined chromosome 13 locus.

Stem cells and development

Macarthur CC, Xue H, Van Hoof D, Lieu PT, Dudas M, Fontes A, Swistowski A, Touboul T, Seerke R, Laurent LC, Loring JF, German MS, Zeng X, Rao MS, Lakshmipathy U, Chesnut JD, Liu Y

Effects of biotin deficiency on pancreatic islet morphology, insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.

The Journal of nutritional biochemistry

Larrieta E, Vega-Monroy ML, Vital P, Aguilera A, German MS, Hafidi ME, Fernandez-Mejia C

Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into pancreatic endoderm in patterned size-controlled clusters.

Stem cell research

Van Hoof D, Mendelsohn AD, Seerke R, Desai TA, German MS

Neurogenin3 inhibits proliferation in endocrine progenitors by inducing Cdkn1a.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Miyatsuka T, Kosaka Y, Kim H, German MS

A mouse model for monitoring islet cell genesis and developing therapies for diabetes.

Disease models & mechanisms

Shimajiri Y, Kosaka Y, Scheel DW, Lynn FC, Kishimoto N, Wang J, Zhao S, German MS

Precise pattern of recombination in serotonergic and hypothalamic neurons in a Pdx1-cre transgenic mouse line.

Journal of biomedical science

Honig G, Liou A, Berger M, German MS, Tecott LH

Dachshund homologues play a conserved role in islet cell development.

Developmental biology

Kalousova A, Mavropoulos A, Adams BA, Nekrep N, Li Z, Krauss S, Stainier DY, German MS

Serotonin regulates pancreatic beta cell mass during pregnancy.

Nature medicine

Kim H, Toyofuku Y, Lynn FC, Chak E, Uchida T, Mizukami H, Fujitani Y, Kawamori R, Miyatsuka T, Kosaka Y, Yang K, Honig G, van der Hart M, Kishimoto N, Wang J, Yagihashi S, Tecott LH, Watada H, German MS

The ETS oncogene family transcription factor FEV identifies serotonin-producing cells in normal and neoplastic small intestine.

Endocrine-related cancer

Wang YC, Zuraek MB, Kosaka Y, Ota Y, German MS, Deneris ES, Bergsland EK, Donner DB, Warren RS, Nakakura EK

Rfx6 directs islet formation and insulin production in mice and humans.

Nature

Smith SB, Qu HQ, Taleb N, Kishimoto NY, Scheel DW, Lu Y, Patch AM, Grabs R, Wang J, Lynn FC, Miyatsuka T, Mitchell J, Seerke R, Désir J, Vanden Eijnden S, Abramowicz M, Kacet N, Weill J, Renard ME, Gentile M, Hansen I, Dewar K, Hattersley AT, Wang R, Wilson ME, Johnson JD, Polychronakos C, German MS

Current status of islet cell replacement and regeneration therapy.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Halban PA, German MS, Kahn SE, Weir GC

Derivation of insulin-producing cells from human embryonic stem cells.

Stem cell research

Van Hoof D, D'Amour KA, German MS

Notch signaling as gatekeeper of rat acinar-to-beta-cell conversion in vitro.

Gastroenterology

Baeyens L, Bonné S, Bos T, Rooman I, Peleman C, Lahoutte T, German M, Heimberg H, Bouwens L

Homeodomain transcription factor NKX2.2 functions in immature cells to control enteroendocrine differentiation and is expressed in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors.

Endocrine-related cancer

Wang YC, Gallego-Arteche E, Iezza G, Yuan X, Matli MR, Choo SP, Zuraek MB, Gogia R, Lynn FC, German MS, Bergsland EK, Donner DB, Warren RS, Nakakura EK

New beta-cells from old acini.

Nature biotechnology

German MS

Mouse let-7 miRNA populations exhibit RNA editing that is constrained in the 5'-seed/ cleavage/anchor regions and stabilize predicted mmu-let-7a:mRNA duplexes.

Genome research

Reid JG, Nagaraja AK, Lynn FC, Drabek RB, Muzny DM, Shaw CA, Weiss MK, Naghavi AO, Khan M, Zhu H, Tennakoon J, Gunaratne GH, Corry DB, Miller J, McManus MT, German MS, Gibbs RA, Matzuk MM, Gunaratne PH

Signals from the neural crest regulate beta-cell mass in the pancreas.

Development (Cambridge, England)

Nekrep N, Wang J, Miyatsuka T, German MS

Gender and neurogenin3 influence the pathogenesis of ketosis-prone diabetes.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism

Louet JF, Smith SB, Gautier JF, Molokhia M, Virally ML, Kevorkian JP, Guillausseau PJ, Vexiau P, Charpentier G, German MS, Vaisse C, Urbanek M, Mauvais-Jarvis F

Regulated beta-cell regeneration in the adult mouse pancreas.

Diabetes

Cano DA, Rulifson IC, Heiser PW, Swigart LB, Pelengaris S, German M, Evan GI, Bluestone JA, Hebrok M

Induction of pancreatic islet cell differentiation by the neurogenin-neuroD cascade.

Differentiation; research in biological diversity

Gasa R, Mrejen C, Lynn FC, Skewes-Cox P, Sanchez L, Yang KY, Lin CH, Gomis R, German MS

MicroRNA expression is required for pancreatic islet cell genesis in the mouse.

Diabetes

Lynn FC, Skewes-Cox P, Kosaka Y, McManus MT, Harfe BD, German MS

Sox9 coordinates a transcriptional network in pancreatic progenitor cells.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Lynn FC, Smith SB, Wilson ME, Yang KY, Nekrep N, German MS

Ngn3 expression during postnatal in vitro beta cell neogenesis induced by the JAK/STAT pathway.

Cell death and differentiation

Baeyens L, Bonné S, German MS, Ravassard P, Heimberg H, Bouwens L

Activin A-induced expression of PAX4 in AR42J-B13 cells involves the increase in transactivation of E47/E12.

Biochimica et biophysica acta

Kanno R, Ogihara T, Igarashi Y, Tanaka Y, Smith SB, Kojima I, German MS, Kawamori R, Watada H

The HMG box transcription factor Sox4 contributes to the development of the endocrine pancreas.

Diabetes

Wilson ME, Yang KY, Kalousova A, Lau J, Kosaka Y, Lynn FC, Wang J, Mrejen C, Episkopou V, Clevers HC, German MS

The Nkx6.1 homeodomain transcription factor suppresses glucagon expression and regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islet beta cells.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Schisler JC, Jensen PB, Taylor DG, Becker TC, Knop FK, Takekawa S, German M, Weir GC, Lu D, Mirmira RG, Newgard CB

Hedgehog signaling regulates expansion of pancreatic epithelial cells.

Developmental biology

Kawahira H, Scheel DW, Smith SB, German MS, Hebrok M

PAX4 gene variations predispose to ketosis-prone diabetes.

Human molecular genetics

Mauvais-Jarvis F, Smith SB, Le May C, Leal SM, Gautier JF, Molokhia M, Riveline JP, Rajan AS, Kevorkian JP, Zhang S, Vexiau P, German MS, Vaisse C

Proendocrine genes coordinate the pancreatic islet differentiation program in vitro.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Gasa R, Mrejen C, Leachman N, Otten M, Barnes M, Wang J, Chakrabarti S, Mirmira R, German M

MAP kinases and their roles in pancreatic beta-cells.

Cell biochemistry and biophysics

Khoo S, Gibson TB, Arnette D, Lawrence M, January B, McGlynn K, Vanderbilt CA, Griffen SC, German MS, Cobb MH

Region-specific and stage-dependent regulation of Olig gene expression and oligodendrogenesis by Nkx6.1 homeodomain transcription factor.

Development (Cambridge, England)

Liu R, Cai J, Hu X, Tan M, Qi Y, German M, Rubenstein J, Sander M, Qiu M

Neurogenin3 activates the islet differentiation program while repressing its own expression.

Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)

Smith SB, Watada H, German MS

Hnf6 and Tcf2 (MODY5) are linked in a gene network operating in a precursor cell domain of the embryonic pancreas.

Human molecular genetics

Maestro MA, Boj SF, Luco RF, Pierreux CE, Cabedo J, Servitja JM, German MS, Rousseau GG, Lemaigre FP, Ferrer J

Hes6 promotes cortical neurogenesis and inhibits Hes1 transcription repression activity by multiple mechanisms.

Molecular and cellular biology

Gratton MO, Torban E, Jasmin SB, Theriault FM, German MS, Stifani S

Activated Notch1 prevents differentiation of pancreatic acinar cells and attenuate endocrine development.

Developmental biology

Hald J, Hjorth JP, German MS, Madsen OD, Serup P, Jensen J

The Gene Pill and its therapeutic applications.

Current opinion in molecular therapeutics

Sheu E, Rothman S, German M, Wang X, Finer M, McMahon BM

Pdx1 expression in Irs2-deficient mouse beta-cells is regulated in a strain-dependent manner.

The Journal of biological chemistry

Suzuki R, Tobe K, Terauchi Y, Komeda K, Kubota N, Eto K, Yamauchi T, Azuma K, Kaneto H, Taguchi T, Koga T, German MS, Watada H, Kawamori R, Wright CV, Kajimoto Y, Kimura S, Nagai R, Kadowaki T

Neurogenin3 and hepatic nuclear factor 1 cooperate in activating pancreatic expression of Pax4.

The Journal of biological chemistry

Smith SB, Gasa R, Watada H, Wang J, Griffen SC, German MS

Regulation of insulin gene transcription by ERK1 and ERK2 in pancreatic beta cells.

The Journal of biological chemistry

Khoo S, Griffen SC, Xia Y, Baer RJ, German MS, Cobb MH

p38 MAPK is involved in activin A- and hepatocyte growth factor-mediated expression of pro-endocrine gene neurogenin 3 in AR42J-B13 cells.

The Journal of biological chemistry

Ogihara T, Watada H, Kanno R, Ikeda F, Nomiyama T, Tanaka Y, Nakao A, German MS, Kojima I, Kawamori R

Distinct gene expression programs function in progenitor and mature islet cells.

The Journal of biological chemistry

Watada H, Scheel DW, Leung J, German MS

Gene expression cascades in pancreatic development.

Mechanisms of development

Wilson ME, Scheel D, German MS

Neurogenin3 participates in gliogenesis in the developing vertebrate spinal cord.

Developmental biology

Lee J, Wu Y, Qi Y, Xue H, Liu Y, Scheel D, German M, Qiu M, Guillemot F, Rao M, Gradwohl G

Cloning, expression and genomic structure of human LMX1A, and variant screening in Pima Indians.

Gene

Thameem F, Wolford JK, Wang J, German MS, Bogardus C, Prochazka M

Regulation of the pancreatic pro-endocrine gene neurogenin3.

Diabetes

Lee JC, Smith SB, Watada H, Lin J, Scheel D, Wang J, Mirmira RG, German MS

Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate increases pancreatic glucokinase activity and gene expression.

Endocrinology

Fernandez-Mejia C, Vega-Allende J, Rojas-Ochoa A, Rodriguez-Dorantes M, Romero-Navarro G, Matschinsky FM, Wang J, German MS

Mutations in the coding region of the neurogenin 3 gene (NEUROG3) are not a common cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young in Japanese subjects.

Diabetes

del Bosque-Plata L, Lin J, Horikawa Y, Schwarz PE, Cox NJ, Iwasaki N, Ogata M, Iwamoto Y, German MS, Bell GI

Homeobox gene Nkx6.1 lies downstream of Nkx2.2 in the major pathway of beta-cell formation in the pancreas.

Development (Cambridge, England)

Sander M, Sussel L, Conners J, Scheel D, Kalamaras J, Dela Cruz F, Schwitzgebel V, Hayes-Jordan A, German M

Autoregulation and maturity onset diabetes of the young transcription factors control the human PAX4 promoter.

The Journal of biological chemistry

Smith SB, Watada H, Scheel DW, Mrejen C, German MS

Transcriptional and translational regulation of beta-cell differentiation factor Nkx6.1.

The Journal of biological chemistry

Watada H, Mirmira RG, Leung J, German MS

Ventral neural patterning by Nkx homeobox genes: Nkx6.1 controls somatic motor neuron and ventral interneuron fates.

Genes & development

Sander M, Paydar S, Ericson J, Briscoe J, Berber E, German M, Jessell TM, Rubenstein JL

Intramolecular control of transcriptional activity by the NK2-specific domain in NK-2 homeodomain proteins.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Watada H, Mirmira RG, Kalamaras J, German MS

Expression of neurogenin3 reveals an islet cell precursor population in the pancreas.

Development (Cambridge, England)

Schwitzgebel VM, Scheel DW, Conners JR, Kalamaras J, Lee JE, Anderson DJ, Sussel L, Johnson JD, German MS

Regulation of insulin gene transcription.

Seminars in cell & developmental biology

Ohneda K, Ee H, German M

LMX1B transactivation and expression in nail-patella syndrome.

Human molecular genetics

Dreyer SD, Morello R, German MS, Zabel B, Winterpacht A, Lunstrum GP, Horton WA, Oberg KC, Lee B

Biotin regulation of pancreatic glucokinase and insulin in primary cultured rat islets and in biotin-deficient rats.

Endocrinology

Romero-Navarro G, Cabrera-Valladares G, German MS, Matschinsky FM, Velazquez A, Wang J, Fernandez-Mejia C

Effect of retinoic acid on glucokinase activity and gene expression and on insulin secretion in primary cultures of pancreatic islets.

Endocrinology

Cabrera-Valladares G, German MS, Matschinsky FM, Wang J, Fernandez-Mejia C

A novel glucose-responsive element in the human insulin gene functions uniquely in primary cultured islets.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Sander M, Griffen SC, Huang J, German MS

Mice lacking the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2.2 have diabetes due to arrested differentiation of pancreatic beta cells.

Development (Cambridge, England)

Sussel L, Kalamaras J, Hartigan-O'Connor DJ, Meneses JJ, Pedersen RA, Rubenstein JL, German MS

Identification of a human LMX1 (LMX1.1)-related gene, LMX1.2: tissue-specific expression and linkage mapping on chromosome 9.

Genomics

Iannotti CA, Inoue H, Bernal E, Aoki M, Liu L, Donis-Keller H, German MS, Permutt MA

The endocrine secretion of human insulin and growth hormone by exocrine glands of the gastrointestinal tract.

Nature biotechnology

Goldfine ID, German MS, Tseng HC, Wang J, Bolaffi JL, Chen JW, Olson DC, Rothman SS

Genetic analysis reveals that PAX6 is required for normal transcription of pancreatic hormone genes and islet development.

Genes & development

Sander M, Neubüser A, Kalamaras J, Ee HC, Martin GR, German MS

The beta cell transcription factors and development of the pancreas.

Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)

Sander M, German MS

Regulation of insulin preRNA splicing by glucose.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Wang J, Shen L, Najafi H, Kolberg J, Matschinsky FM, Urdea M, German M

Function of the human insulin promoter in primary cultured islet cells.

The Journal of biological chemistry

Odagiri H, Wang J, German MS

A strongly inwardly rectifying K+ channel that is sensitive to ATP.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

Collins A, German MS, Jan YN, Jan LY, Zhao B

The insulin gene promoter. A simplified nomenclature.

Diabetes

German M, Ashcroft S, Docherty K, Edlund H, Edlund T, Goodison S, Imura H, Kennedy G, Madsen O, Melloul D

Cloning of rat KATP-2 channel and decreased expression in pancreatic islets of male Zucker diabetic fatty rats.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications

Stoffel M, Tokuyama Y, Trabb JB, German MS, Tsaar ML, Jan LY, Polonsky KS, Bell GI

Pancreatic beta cells express a diverse set of homeobox genes.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Rudnick A, Ling TY, Odagiri H, Rutter WJ, German MS

Glucose sensing in pancreatic islet beta cells: the key role of glucokinase and the glycolytic intermediates.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

German MS

Two related helix-loop-helix proteins participate in separate cell-specific complexes that bind the insulin enhancer.

Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)

German MS, Blanar MA, Nelson C, Moss LG, Rutter WJ

Regulation of insulin gene expression by glucose and calcium in transfected primary islet cultures.

The Journal of biological chemistry

German MS, Moss LG, Rutter WJ